{"id":8798,"date":"2026-08-11T15:51:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T13:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.v3ritas.sk\/?p=8798"},"modified":"2026-08-11T15:53:48","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T13:53:48","slug":"rozhovor-s-brazilskym-odbornikom-na-problematiku-gmo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.v3ritas.sk\/index.php\/2026\/08\/11\/rozhovor-s-brazilskym-odbornikom-na-problematiku-gmo\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozhovor s braz\u00edlskym odborn\u00edkom na problematiku GMO"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Profesor Andrioli – zdroj obr\u00e1zka BUND<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Braz\u00edlia je jednou z\u00a0m\u00e1la kraj\u00edn s\u00a0dominantn\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch organizmov (GMO), je zn\u00e1ma najm\u00e4 produkciou GM s\u00f3je, ktor\u00e1 sa exportuje aj do E\u00da ako krmivo pre dobytok. Organiz\u00e1cia quid est VERITAS<\/a> V\u00e1m preto prin\u00e1\u0161a exkluz\u00edvny rozhovor s\u00a0braz\u00edlskym expertom na geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organizmy (GMO) – profesorom Ant\u00f4niom In\u00e1ciom Andriolim<\/a>. Profesor Andrioli sa venuje agroekol\u00f3gii na Feder\u00e1lnej univerzite Fronteira Sul (Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul), ktor\u00e1 sa \u0161pecializuje na udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. Bol \u010dlenom zakladaj\u00facej komisie tejto univerzity a 10 rokov p\u00f4sobil v jej veden\u00ed. Je \u010dlenom GEA (Skupina expertov na agrosociobiodiverzitu), ktor\u00e1 spad\u00e1 pod MDA (Ministerstvo agr\u00e1rneho rozvoja a rodinn\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva) braz\u00edlskej vl\u00e1dy. V rokoch 2011 a\u017e 2017 bol \u010dlenom CTNBio (N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 technick\u00e1 komisia pre biologick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165), ktor\u00e1 je v Braz\u00edlii zodpovedn\u00e1 za technick\u00e9 posudzovanie geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch organizmov. Doktor\u00e1t z\u00edskal v roku 2006 v Nemecku, kde obh\u00e1jil dizerta\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu na t\u00e9mu \u201eOrganick\u00e1 s\u00f3ja verzus transg\u00e9nna s\u00f3ja\u201c<\/a>. O transgenick\u00fdch organizmoch publikoval aj knihu \u201eAgro-Gentechnik: die Saat des B\u00f6sen\u201c (Agro-genetick\u00e9 in\u017einierstvo: semeno zla), ktor\u00e1 je dostupn\u00e1 v nem\u010dine a portugal\u010dine. V roku 2020 bol ocenen\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm vyznamenan\u00edm div\u00edzie ochrany \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia organiz\u00e1cie BUND<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

POU\u017d\u00cdVANIE GMO V BRAZ\u00cdLII. Geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 plodiny sa v Braz\u00edlii vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa u\u017e dlho; ak\u00e1 je hist\u00f3ria ich pou\u017e\u00edvania a pre\u010do s\u00fa tak mas\u00edvne vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160\u00edrenie transg\u00e9nnych plod\u00edn prin\u00e1\u0161a prospech mocn\u00fdm nadn\u00e1rodn\u00fdm korpor\u00e1ci\u00e1m (Monsanto\/Bayer, BASF, Corteva Agriscience (DuPont\/Dow Chemical) a Syngenta\/CemChina), ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa z\u00e1ujem o zvy\u0161ovanie predaja agrochemik\u00e1li\u00ed a o licen\u010dn\u00e9 poplatky (royalties \u2013 poplatky za vyu\u017e\u00edvanie technol\u00f3gi\u00ed) vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z patentovania semien. Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina spotrebite\u013eov je proti vyu\u017e\u00edvaniu transg\u00e9nnych technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, tieto nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti stavili na strat\u00e9giu vytv\u00e1rania \u201ehotov\u00fdch vec\u00ed\u201c a dezinformovania obyvate\u013estva. T\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia bola realizovan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom nasleduj\u00facich krokov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. privyka\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov na pou\u017e\u00edvanie herbic\u00eddov, \u010do sa deje od za\u010diatku 90. rokov 20. storo\u010dia prostredn\u00edctvom \u201epriamej sejby\u201c (plantio direto);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 verejn\u00fd v\u00fdskum, najm\u00e4 financovan\u00edm projektov a v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed, ako aj prepojen\u00edm na v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 \u00fastavy a ich vedenia;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. skupova\u0165 firmy produkuj\u00face semen\u00e1 v dan\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch a monopolizova\u0165 ich v\u00fdrobu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. vybra\u0165 si regi\u00f3n a vy\u010dka\u0165 na kontamin\u00e1ciu (v tomto pr\u00edpade bola v Latinskej Amerike zvolen\u00e1 Argent\u00edna);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. strategicky z\u00edska\u0165 vedcov a politikov pre my\u0161lienku transg\u00e9nnych plod\u00edn;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. vybudova\u0165 sie\u0165 partnersk\u00fdch technikov prostredn\u00edctvom zakladania firiem technickej pomoci, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa v prospech nadn\u00e1rodnej spolo\u010dnosti alebo s\u00fa \u0148ou financovan\u00e9;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. vies\u0165 mas\u00edvne reklamn\u00e9 kampane, najm\u00e4 v telev\u00edzii, r\u00e1diu a novin\u00e1ch;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. vybra\u0165 si \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov v okresoch\/obciach ako modelov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstva a podporova\u0165 ich napr\u00edklad \u0161tudijn\u00fdmi cestami;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 skuto\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 oslabuj\u00fa kritick\u00e9 argumenty \u0161irokej verejnosti;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. prich\u00e1dza\u0165 s lacn\u00fdmi ponukami herbic\u00eddov a semien (t. j. spo\u010diatku bez licen\u010dn\u00fdch poplatkov);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. vynucova\u0165 si legislat\u00edvne podmienky prostredn\u00edctvom lobingu a vplyvu na parlamenty a vl\u00e1dy;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. z\u00edska\u0165 pre kontrolu partnersk\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie: dru\u017estv\u00e1 a in\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske podniky poveren\u00e9 v\u00fdkupom produkcie a dod\u00e1van\u00edm vstupov (najm\u00e4 semien a herbic\u00eddov), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa za ur\u010dit\u00fd podiel ochotn\u00e9 vybera\u0165 licen\u010dn\u00e9 poplatky od po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia u\u017e bola uplatnen\u00e1 v Latinskej Amerike, zatia\u013e \u010do v Eur\u00f3pe sa ju z d\u00f4vodu organizovan\u00e9ho odporu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov a spotrebite\u013eov nepodarilo \u00faplne zrealizova\u0165. Dezinform\u00e1cie s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou strat\u00e9gie nadn\u00e1rodn\u00fdch korpor\u00e1ci\u00ed a v Braz\u00edlii m\u00f4\u017eeme uk\u00e1\u017ekovo vidie\u0165, ako k tomu prispeli ve\u013ek\u00e9 masm\u00e9di\u00e1. Po zaveden\u00ed transg\u00e9nnych plod\u00edn a z toho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facej genetickej kontamin\u00e1cii m\u00e1 vytvoren\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia tendenciu presadi\u0165 sa, \u010d\u00edm neutralizuje iniciat\u00edvy odporu. Ke\u010f\u017ee vedci vedia g\u00e9ny do rastl\u00edn iba vklada\u0165, ale nevedia ich z nich vy\u0148a\u0165, nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti maj\u00fa tendenciu tla\u010di\u0165 na zav\u00e1dzanie tejto technol\u00f3gie do otvoren\u00e9ho prostredia s vedom\u00edm, \u017ee ak sa tak stane, p\u00f4jde o nezvratn\u00fd proces genetickej kontamin\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00ddHODY POU\u017d\u00cdVANIA GMO. Existuj\u00fa jasn\u00e9 pr\u00ednosy geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch plod\u00edn v Braz\u00edlii, ktor\u00e9 konven\u010dn\u00e9 plodiny nem\u00f4\u017eu pon\u00faknu\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00fdhodou bolo kombinovan\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie odolnosti vo\u010di agrochemik\u00e1li\u00e1m (najm\u00e4 herbic\u00eddom) a vo\u010di napadnutiu hmyzom, \u010do na za\u010diatku zn\u00ed\u017eilo v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a umo\u017enilo pestovanie na rozsiahlych \u00fazemiach expanzie \u2013 najm\u00e4 smerom na sever Braz\u00edlie, v oblastiach, kde na\u010falej doch\u00e1dza k odles\u0148ovaniu s cie\u013eom roz\u0161irova\u0165 produkciu ur\u010den\u00fa na agroexport. Odrody odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di glyfos\u00e1tu umo\u017enili pestovanie rozsiahlych pl\u00f4ch vo forme monokult\u00far, ako je s\u00f3ja, bavlna a kukurica, prakticky bez potreby pletia, na ktor\u00e9 bolo predt\u00fdm potrebn\u00e9 naj\u00edma\u0165 platen\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov. Ke\u010f\u017ee Braz\u00edlia m\u00e1 vysok\u00fa koncentr\u00e1ciu vlastn\u00edctva p\u00f4dy a neuskuto\u010dnila agr\u00e1rnu reformu (prerozdelenie p\u00f4dy) pl\u00e1novan\u00fa u\u017e od roku 1964, transg\u00e9nne plodiny \u2013 spo\u010diatku s\u00f3ja \u2013 sa stali u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdmi pre ve\u013ek\u00fdch vlastn\u00edkov p\u00f4dy, ktor\u00fdm sa podarilo roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 svoje pestovate\u013esk\u00e9 plochy s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1kladmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Spo\u010diatku bola transg\u00e9nna s\u00f3ja, ktor\u00e1 bola v Braz\u00edlii zak\u00e1zan\u00e1, pa\u0161ovan\u00e1 zo susednej krajiny (Argent\u00edny) bez platenia licen\u010dn\u00fdch poplatkov (royalties), \u010do vytvorilo e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu il\u00faziu zni\u017eovania n\u00e1kladov v\u010faka ponuke spo\u010diatku lacnej\u0161\u00edch semien a agrochemik\u00e1li\u00ed. K povoleniu prvej transg\u00e9nnej odrody do\u0161lo v roku 2004 a s postupom \u010dasu a bezhlav\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm rovnak\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok sa objavila odolnos\u0165 bur\u00edn vo\u010di glyfos\u00e1tu. To si vy\u017eiadalo \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvanie tohto produktu a nov\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok (s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 odroda kombinuje odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di glyfos\u00e1tu, 2,4-D, dikambe, glufosin\u00e1tu am\u00f3nnemu a mezotri\u00f3nu, popri odolnosti vo\u010di hmyzu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kombin\u00e1cia s rastlinami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z\u00e1rove\u0148 odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di napadnutiu hmyzom a chorob\u00e1m, bola strategicky vyvinut\u00e1 na najprodukt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch odrod\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 vznikli bez transgen\u00e9zy za verejn\u00e9 peniaze. Ke\u010f boli tieto odrody zmenen\u00e9 na transg\u00e9nne a prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 regi\u00f3nom s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi p\u00f4dami a podneb\u00edm, do\u0161lo k expanzii, a to aj napriek neust\u00e1lemu rastu n\u00e1kladov. To viedlo k e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej koncentr\u00e1cii p\u00f4dy, k exodu mal\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov z vidieka, k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej chudobe a dokonca k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu hladu vo vidieckych oblastiach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti maj\u00fa v\u00fdhody predov\u0161etk\u00fdm nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti z farmaceutick\u00e9ho priemyslu, ktor\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrili svoj monopol na predaj semien, agrochemik\u00e1li\u00ed a liekov. Okrem nadn\u00e1rodn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed so z\u00e1ujmom o predaj agrochemik\u00e1li\u00ed vidia ve\u013ek\u00ed braz\u00edlski vidiecki producenti v transg\u00e9nnych plodin\u00e1ch mo\u017enos\u0165 industrializova\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, pestova\u0165 monokult\u00fary na obrovsk\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch p\u00f4dy a z\u00e1visie\u0165 \u010doraz menej od vidieckych pracovn\u00edkov. V druhom rade maj\u00fa t\u00edto vidiecki producenti z\u00e1ujem na tom, aby klesal po\u010det mal\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov. To im poskytuje viac priestoru v konkurencii a mo\u017enos\u0165 n\u00e1kupu lacnej p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tieto z\u00e1ujmy nadn\u00e1rodn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed a ve\u013ekostatk\u00e1rov sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa so z\u00e1ujmami vl\u00e1dy. Z\u00e1kladom hospod\u00e1rskej strat\u00e9gie s\u00fa\u010dasnej braz\u00edlskej vl\u00e1dy je pril\u00e1ka\u0165 zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 invest\u00edcie a podporova\u0165 agroexport. Podpora agroexportu umo\u017enila dosiahnu\u0165 prebytok obchodnej bilancie. T\u00fdm sa uzatv\u00e1ra cyklus spolo\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1ujmov medzi ve\u013ekostatk\u00e1rmi a vl\u00e1dami, ktor\u00fd charakterizuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu braz\u00edlskych dej\u00edn. Vlastn\u00edctvo p\u00f4dy predstavuje jednu z historick\u00fdch foriem moci v Braz\u00edlii. Preto nie je n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee v parlamentoch, v s\u00fadnej moci a v mnoh\u00fdch vl\u00e1dach s\u00fa ve\u013ekostatk\u00e1ri (ktor\u00ed v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou vn\u00edmaj\u00fa p\u00f4du ako uchov\u00e1vate\u013ea hodnoty) pr\u00edtomn\u00ed bu\u010f priamo, alebo prostredn\u00edctvom svojich z\u00e1stupcov a organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed. Dokonca aj vl\u00e1dy, ktor\u00e9 odmietaj\u00fa de\u0161trukt\u00edvny, nespravodliv\u00fd a dokonca nez\u00e1konn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm ve\u013ek\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri funguj\u00fa, sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa citlivej\u0161\u00edmi vo\u010di ich po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m kv\u00f4li z\u00e1v\u00e4zkom prijat\u00fdm na zabezpe\u010denie vl\u00e1dnutia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    RIZIK\u00c1 GMO \u2014 PRE ZDRAVIE A \u017dIVOTN\u00c9 PROSTREDIE. Existuj\u00fa v Braz\u00edlii zaznamenan\u00e9 pr\u00edpady, kedy GMO sp\u00f4sobili probl\u00e9my zdraviu a \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S konzum\u00e1ciou transg\u00e9nnych plod\u00edn s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1 (to, \u010do u\u017e vieme) a rizik\u00e1 (ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te nepozn\u00e1me). Nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa n\u00e1rast pou\u017e\u00edvania agrochemik\u00e1li\u00ed, \u010do kontaminuje p\u00f4du a vodu, ni\u010d\u00ed biodiverzitu (hmyz, rastliny, ryby a vodn\u00e9 organizmy) a ovplyv\u0148uje zdravie zvierat a \u013eud\u00ed. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie rizik\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa nekontrolovan\u00fd prenos g\u00e9nov, imunodeficienciu a nezvratnos\u0165 environment\u00e1lnych a zdravotn\u00fdch n\u00e1sledkov. Okrem technick\u00fdch, soci\u00e1lnych a environment\u00e1lnych probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 so sebou transg\u00e9nne plodiny prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa, vyvol\u00e1va ve\u013ek\u00e9 obavy v\u00fdskyt alergi\u00ed a potenci\u00e1lne vplyvy na imunitn\u00fd a reproduk\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Glyfos\u00e1t, spojen\u00fd s transg\u00e9nnou s\u00f3jou odolnou vo\u010di tomuto herbic\u00eddu, je zodpovedn\u00fd za bunkov\u00e9 zmeny v tkaniv\u00e1ch zvierat a \u013eud\u00ed, \u010do je siln\u00fdm indik\u00e1torom toho, \u017ee vyvol\u00e1va rakovinu. Braz\u00edlia sa od zavedenia transg\u00e9nnych plod\u00edn stala najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm spotrebite\u013eom agrochemik\u00e1li\u00ed na svete. Bakt\u00e9ria Bacillus thuringiensis, p\u00f4vodne zaveden\u00e1 do transg\u00e9nnej kukurice na likvid\u00e1ciu h\u00fasen\u00edc, m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m zvierat, \u010d\u00edm zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdskyt chor\u00f4b. Nov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie navy\u0161e potvrdzuj\u00fa s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi konzum\u00e1ciou transg\u00e9nnej kukurice a n\u00e1rastom reproduk\u010dn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina t\u00fdchto \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed sa uskuto\u010dnila na potkanoch. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u0161ak u\u017e existuj\u00fa dokon\u010den\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy s kravami a \u013eudsk\u00fdmi embryami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Existuje prepojenie zdravotn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov \u013eud\u00ed s konzum\u00e1ciou m\u00e4sa, vajec a mlieka zo zvierat, ktor\u00e9 k\u0155mili transg\u00e9nnou s\u00f3jou, ke\u010f\u017ee t\u00e1to s\u00f3ja je kontaminovan\u00e1 zvy\u0161kami glyfos\u00e1tu. Zatia\u013e neexistuj\u00fa \u0161t\u00fadie sp\u00e1jaj\u00face spotrebu produktov poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich zo zvierat, ktor\u00e9 konzumovali transg\u00e9nnu kukuricu odoln\u00fa vo\u010di h\u00faseniciam. Pr\u00edpad transg\u00e9nnej kukurice odolnej vo\u010di glyfos\u00e1tu v\u0161ak potvrdzuje probl\u00e9m zisten\u00fd pri s\u00f3ji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00fdtus o koexistencii a slobode spotrebite\u013ea sa neust\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edva na zni\u017eovanie ob\u00e1v, na ktor\u00e9 vedci kritick\u00ed vo\u010di GMO upozor\u0148uj\u00fa u\u017e mnoho rokov. Vzh\u013eadom na pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 podmienky nie je koexistencia medzi transg\u00e9nnym a konven\u010dn\u00fdm pestovan\u00edm mo\u017en\u00e1. Najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpade kukurice mo\u017eno genetick\u00fa kontamin\u00e1ciu kon\u0161tatova\u0165 vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch sveta, kde sa transg\u00e9nne rastliny za\u010dali pestova\u0165. Snaha vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa kontamin\u00e1cii m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v mnoh\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch politick\u00fdm \u017eelan\u00edm, ale ide o n\u00e1vrh vzdialen\u00fd od reality. Koexistencia nie je mo\u017en\u00e1, a ak je toto realitou, potom nem\u00e1 zmysel ma\u0165 z\u00e1kony, ktor\u00e9 stanovuj\u00fa, ako by mala by\u0165 zaru\u010den\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V d\u00f4sledku transg\u00e9nneho pestovania tak prest\u00e1va by\u0165 zaisten\u00e1 sloboda vo\u013eby po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov a spotrebite\u013eov, preto\u017ee obaja s\u00fa postupne n\u00faten\u00ed transg\u00e9nne rastliny vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165. Kukurica sa kontaminuje z jedn\u00e9ho po\u013ea na druh\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee ide o rastlinu s otvoren\u00fdm a cudzospra\u0161n\u00fdm opelen\u00edm, na rozdiel od s\u00f3je, ktor\u00e1 je samospra\u0161n\u00e1. S transg\u00e9nnou kukuricou preto budeme svedkami e\u0161te r\u00fdchlej\u0161ej kontamin\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 je d\u00f4sledkom prv\u00fdch pestovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    SOCI\u00c1LNY DOPAD GMO. Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa soci\u00e1lne dopady GMO v ak\u00fdchko\u013evek oblastiach?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Transg\u00e9nne rastliny schv\u00e1len\u00e9 na pestovanie dosahuj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161iu produktivitu ne\u017e tie konven\u010dn\u00e9 a ich schopnos\u0165 prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa prostrediu je ni\u017e\u0161ia, pri\u010dom vykazuj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161iu n\u00e1chylnos\u0165 na \u0161kodcov a choroby. V spojen\u00ed s fenom\u00e9nom vzniku odolnosti bur\u00edn vo\u010di herbic\u00eddom a hmyzu vo\u010di tox\u00ednom zaveden\u00fdm do t\u00fdchto rastl\u00edn pozorujeme u\u017e po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokoch pestovania n\u00e1rast pou\u017e\u00edvania agrochemik\u00e1li\u00ed, \u010do \u00famerne zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nesmieme zab\u00fada\u0165 ani na to, \u017ee za pestovanie t\u00fdchto rastl\u00edn po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri platia licen\u010dn\u00e9 poplatky (royalties), teda poplatok za vyu\u017e\u00edvanie technol\u00f3gie patentovanej nadn\u00e1rodn\u00fdmi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami z chemick\u00e9ho priemyslu. T\u00e1to privatiz\u00e1cia pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov a poznatkov v prospech nadn\u00e1rodn\u00fdch korpor\u00e1ci\u00ed a ve\u013ekostatk\u00e1rov prehlbuje soci\u00e1lnu nerovnos\u0165 v braz\u00edlskej spolo\u010dnosti, \u010do je kontext, v ktorom s\u00fa mo\u017enosti odporu zo strany jednotliv\u00fdch mal\u00fdch producentov a spotrebite\u013eov v\u00fdrazne obmedzen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Postupn\u00e9 vylu\u010dovanie mal\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov z v\u00fdrobn\u00e9ho procesu intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie koncentruje vlastn\u00edctvo p\u00f4dy, zr\u00fdch\u013euje exodus z vidieka a zvy\u0161uje po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed bez p\u00f4dy (ktor\u00ed s\u00fa z\u00e1rove\u0148 nov\u00fdmi nezamestnan\u00fdmi). Existuj\u00face sk\u00fasenosti s transg\u00e9nnymi produktmi potvrdzuj\u00fa obavy kritikov tejto technol\u00f3gie, s ktor\u00fdmi spolupracujem na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    GMO Z NGT V BRAZ\u00cdLII. Bola u\u017e nejak\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia NGT (nov\u00e9 gen\u00f3mov\u00e9 techniky) v Braz\u00edlii pou\u017eit\u00e1? S\u00fa z nejak\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska (dopady na zdravie, \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie, ekonomick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1lne aspekty) menej rizikov\u00e9 ako tradi\u010dn\u00e9 GMO?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V Braz\u00edlii sa vo v\u00fdskume \u0161iroko vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a v praxi sa medzi nimi a GMO predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej gener\u00e1cie nerob\u00ed rozdiel, ke\u010f\u017ee braz\u00edlska legislat\u00edva ich jasne nerozli\u0161uje. Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 11.105\/2005 a normat\u00edvna in\u0161trukcia \u010d. 16\/2018 komisie CTNBio ich klasifikuj\u00fa ako TIMP (Inovat\u00edvne techniky presn\u00e9ho \u0161\u013eachtenia). Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi NGT s\u00fa techniky presn\u00e9ho editovania gen\u00f3mu, spomedzi ktor\u00fdch vynik\u00e1 CRISPR. Ide najm\u00e4 o \u201es\u00f3ju tolerantn\u00fa vo\u010di suchu\u201c, vyvinut\u00fa v roku 2023, ktor\u00e1 je moment\u00e1lne v \u0161t\u00e1diu po\u013en\u00fdch testov, a s\u00f3ju s ni\u017e\u0161ou str\u00e1vite\u013enos\u0165ou, schv\u00e1len\u00fa v roku 2022 s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 absorpciu \u017eiv\u00edn. Technol\u00f3gie CRISPR sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj na zdokona\u013eovanie h\u00fab rodu Trichoderma na kontrolu \u0161kodcov a chor\u00f4b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00fdhody prezentovan\u00e9 v porovnan\u00ed s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi technol\u00f3giami spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00fa vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej r\u00fdchlosti, vy\u0161\u0161ej presnosti a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladoch na v\u00fdvoj. Z h\u013eadiska riz\u00edk mo\u017eno zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee ke\u010f\u017ee nevyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa g\u00e9ny in\u00fdch druhov, mohlo by sa t\u00fdm pred\u00eds\u0165 nepredv\u00eddate\u013en\u00fdm mut\u00e1ci\u00e1m a ne\u017eiaducim ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkom, ako s\u00fa nov\u00e9 alergie a rezistencia vo\u010di antibiotik\u00e1m. V pr\u00edpade technol\u00f3gi\u00ed CRISPR m\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii vy\u0161\u0161iu presnos\u0165, ne\u017e ak\u00e1 sa dosahovala pomocou g\u00e9nov\u00fdch diel (pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na za\u010diatku transgen\u00e9zy, ktor\u00e9 nar\u00fa\u0161ali gen\u00f3m za pomoci kovov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc). O\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee vykonan\u00e9 zmeny bud\u00fa men\u0161ie ne\u017e predt\u00fdm, a preto bude z\u00e1sah presnej\u0161\u00ed a bez vkladania genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu \u201ecudzieho pre dan\u00fd druh\u201c. T\u00fdmto sa verejne prizn\u00e1vaj\u00fa historick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my transg\u00e9nnych plod\u00edn: 1) \u017ee jeden g\u00e9n m\u00e1 viac ako jednu funkciu; 2) \u017ee g\u00e9ny funguj\u00fa v sieti; 3) \u017ee genetick\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara je silne prepojen\u00e1 s prostred\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zaznamenali sme u\u017e dva kontroverzn\u00e9 pr\u00edpady. Prv\u00fd sa t\u00fdkal experimentu s hov\u00e4dz\u00edm dobytkom s cie\u013eom eliminova\u0165 rohy, ktor\u00e9ho schv\u00e1lenie muselo by\u0165 zru\u0161en\u00e9 kv\u00f4li kontamin\u00e1cii bakt\u00e9riami (\u010do je ve\u013emi v\u00e1\u017ene, ke\u010f\u017ee malo \u00eds\u0165 o inov\u00e1ciu oproti predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facim metodik\u00e1m, no v realite sa to nepotvrdilo), a druh\u00fdm bola s\u00f3ja s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahom tuku. Prvou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 uviedla na trh a spr\u00edstupnila odrodu s\u00f3je editovan\u00fa pomocou CRISPR s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahom nas\u00fdten\u00fdch a polynenas\u00fdten\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kysel\u00edn, bola Calyxt. T\u00e1to s\u00f3ja v\u0161ak v pestovate\u013esk\u00fdch experimentoch vykazovala probl\u00e9my s rastom, sterilitu a ni\u017e\u0161iu produktivitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Najviac, \u010do sa teda d\u00e1 od t\u00fdchto \u201enov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed\u201c (ktor\u00e9 sa v skuto\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa u\u017e viac ako 20 rokov) o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, je to, \u017ee by mohli ma\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161iu presnos\u0165 a vyu\u017e\u00edvali by len materi\u00e1ly z rovnak\u00e9ho druhu (tak\u017ee by u\u017e ne\u0161lo o transg\u00e9nnu modifik\u00e1ciu). Ako v\u0161ak doteraz vieme, tento optimizmus je len laborat\u00f3rny (tie ist\u00e9 laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1, t\u00ed ist\u00ed vedci, tie ist\u00e9 redukcionistick\u00e9 a mechanistick\u00e9 teoretick\u00e9 koncepcie a tie ist\u00e9 firmy, ktor\u00e9 predt\u00fdm vytvorili v\u0161etky probl\u00e9my, dnes s\u013eubuj\u00fa nov\u00e9 rie\u0161enia). Napriek mo\u017enej vy\u0161\u0161ej presnosti m\u00f4\u017eu NGT sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ne\u017eiaduce mut\u00e1cie a chromoz\u00f3mov\u00fa nestabilitu s nezn\u00e1mymi dlhodob\u00fdmi n\u00e1sledkami. A ke\u010f\u017ee ide o reproduk\u010dn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, nes\u00fa so sebou potenci\u00e1l nezvratnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa dlhodob\u00e9 testy, \u010do znemo\u017e\u0148uje ak\u00e9ko\u013evek vyhl\u00e1senia o bezpe\u010dnosti spotreby alebo o dopade na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm rizikom zost\u00e1va ich \u0161\u00edrenie. Tieto technol\u00f3gie by sa preto nemali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 mimo laborat\u00f3ri\u00ed v otvorenom prostred\u00ed, preto\u017ee existuj\u00fa re\u00e1lne a ve\u013ek\u00e9 obavy z g\u00e9nov\u00e9ho toku t\u00fdchto druhov na vo\u013ene rast\u00face rastliny a z ich \u0161k\u00f4d na biodiverzite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou ot\u00e1zkou je zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 patentovaniu semien, ktor\u00e9 ohrozuje pr\u00e1vo po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov a spotrebite\u013eov na pr\u00edstup k produktom bez GMO. Transgen\u00e9za existuje v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve len v d\u00f4sledku o\u010dak\u00e1vania patentovania tejto technol\u00f3gie, preto\u017ee iba tak si investuj\u00face firmy m\u00f4\u017eu privlastni\u0165 invest\u00edcie vynalo\u017een\u00e9 na v\u00fdskum. T\u00fdmto sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina spolo\u010dnosti ober\u00e1 o mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a s\u0165a\u017euje sa pr\u00e1ca mal\u00fdch a stredn\u00fdch firiem, ktor\u00e9 vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa semen\u00e1. Genetick\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo a v\u00fd\u017eiva s\u00fa vystavovan\u00e9 riziku v prospech mal\u00e9ho po\u010dtu firiem ochotn\u00fdch privlastni\u0165 si pr\u00e1cu tis\u00edcok rokov v\u00fdvoja odr\u00f4d, ktor\u00e1 je v\u00fdsledkom predov\u0161etk\u00fdm po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva domorod\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov a tradi\u010dn\u00fdch komun\u00edt po celom svete. Historick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pestova\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 semen\u00e1 mus\u00ed by\u0165 pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 a to je jedin\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00e1 forma odporu, a to aj pre spotrebite\u013eov, ktor\u00ed z\u00e1visia od bohatej ponuky. Iba tak je mo\u017en\u00e1 udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e1 bud\u00facnos\u0165, preto\u017ee po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo z\u00e1vis\u00ed od biodiverzity a semen\u00e1 s\u00fa z\u00e1rukou pre\u017eitia \u013eudstva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zobrazi\u0165 \u010dl\u00e1nok v PDF<\/a>Stiahnu\u0165<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Braz\u00edlia je jednou z\u00a0m\u00e1la kraj\u00edn s\u00a0dominantn\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm GMO, je zn\u00e1ma najm\u00e4 produkciou GM s\u00f3je, ktor\u00e1 sa exportuje aj do E\u00da ako krmivo pre dobytok. Preto prin\u00e1\u0161ame exkluz\u00edvny rozhovor s\u00a0braz\u00edlskym expertom na GMO – profesorom Ant\u00f4niom In\u00e1ciom Andriolim. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8799,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[33,30,145,26,32,31,146,57],"class_list":["post-8798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-bayer","tag-glyfosat","tag-gm-soja","tag-gmo","tag-monsanto","tag-ngt","tag-profesor-andrioli","tag-syngenta"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRozhovor s braz\u00edlskym odborn\u00edkom na problematiku GMO - quid est VERITAS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.v3ritas.sk\/index.php\/2026\/08\/11\/rozhovor-s-brazilskym-odbornikom-na-problematiku-gmo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rozhovor s braz\u00edlskym odborn\u00edkom na problematiku GMO - quid est VERITAS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Braz\u00edlia je jednou z\u00a0m\u00e1la kraj\u00edn s\u00a0dominantn\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm GMO, je zn\u00e1ma najm\u00e4 produkciou GM s\u00f3je, ktor\u00e1 sa exportuje aj do E\u00da ako krmivo pre dobytok. 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